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CWO - Cadmium Tungstate

Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4, CWO) single crystal is an important scintillation material applied in the radiation detection technology, especially for security checking, industrial CT and medical imaging. Large-size CWO single crystals with high quality are grown successfully by vertical Bridgman process in our company in recent years. CWO single crystal has a density as high as 7.9 g/cm3 without any deliquescence. Under high-energy rays radiation such as X-rays or γ-rays, the crystal exhibits the luminescence output with a central wavelength of 470 nm. The crystal possesses a series of scintillation properties such as a relative light yield 2~3 times of BGO crystal, a low afterglow only 10-2 grade relative to CsI (Tl) crystal and a γ-ray radiation hardness of 107 rad. Our company provides the mass products of CWO wafers and array elements, which can meet the technical requirements for radiation detection devices.
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Introduction

Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4, CWO) single crystal is an important scintillation material applied in the radiation detection technology, especially for security checking, industrial CT and medical imaging. Large-size CWO single crystals with high quality are grown successfully by vertical Bridgman process in our company in recent years. CWO single crystal has a density as high as 7.9 g/cm3 without any deliquescence. Under high-energy rays radiation such as X-rays or γ-rays, the crystal exhibits the luminescence output with a central wavelength of 470 nm. The crystal possesses a series of scintillation properties such as a relative light yield 2~3 times of BGO crystal, a low afterglow only 10-2 grade relative to CsI (Tl) crystal and a γ-ray radiation hardness of 107 rad. Our company provides the mass products of CWO wafers and array elements, which can meet the technical requirements for radiation detection devices.

 

 

Basic Properties of CWO Single Crystal

Crystal orientation

[100],  [010]

Crystal structure

Monoclinic system, Space group p2/c

Crystal lattice

a = 5.029 Å, b = 5.859 Å, c = 5.074 Å;

α = γ = 90 °,β = 91.47 º

Melting point

1276 ℃

Density

7.9 g/cm3

Thermal expansion coefficient

6.39×10-6 /K ([100]), 1.09×10-5 /K ([010])

Refractive index

2.3

Hardness

4.5 Mohs

Colour

Nearly colorless to pale yellowish brown

Deliquescence

None

Central wavelength of luminescence

470 nm

Relative light yield index

20-30 (NaI (Tl) crystal with a light yield index 100 is used as reference)

Absolute light yield

2760 ± 50 p.e/MeV

Energy resolution 

7.8-12%

Luminescence decay time

1.3 μs (36%, fast)11.5 μs (64%, slow)

Afterglow

≦0.04% @3 ms

γ-ray radiation hardness

107 rad

 

Figures:

Fig. 1  Ultroviolet-visible transmission spectra

 

        Fig.2  X-ray stimulated luminescence spectra

 

Fig. 3 Energy spectrum and light yield of CWO wafer under γ-ray excitation

 

              Fig. 4  Luminescence decay time of CWO wafer under UV excitation wafer under γ-ray excitation

Fig. 5  Afterglow of CWO crystal less than 0.04%@3ms under γ-ray excitation which only 10-2 grade relative to CsI(Tl) crystal

 

Fig.6  Relative light yield uniformity of crystal array elements

 

 

 

Keyword:
SCINTILLATION crystal
CWO
CdWO4
radiation detection
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CWO - Cadmium Tungstate
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  • CWO - Cadmium Tungstate

  • Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4, CWO) single crystal is an important scintillation material applied in the radiation detection technology, especially for security checking, industrial CT and medical imaging. Large-size CWO single crystals with high quality are grown successfully by vertical Bridgman process in our company in recent years. CWO single crystal has a density as high as 7.9 g/cm3 without any deliquescence. Under high-energy rays radiation such as X-rays or γ-rays, the crystal exhibits the luminescence output with a central wavelength of 470 nm. The crystal possesses a series of scintillation properties such as a relative light yield 2~3 times of BGO crystal, a low afterglow only 10-2 grade relative to CsI (Tl) crystal and a γ-ray radiation hardness of 107 rad. Our company provides the mass products of CWO wafers and array elements, which can meet the technical requirements for radiation detection devices.
Description
Cas'Tech Class
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Introduction

Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4, CWO) single crystal is an important scintillation material applied in the radiation detection technology, especially for security checking, industrial CT and medical imaging. Large-size CWO single crystals with high quality are grown successfully by vertical Bridgman process in our company in recent years. CWO single crystal has a density as high as 7.9 g/cm3 without any deliquescence. Under high-energy rays radiation such as X-rays or γ-rays, the crystal exhibits the luminescence output with a central wavelength of 470 nm. The crystal possesses a series of scintillation properties such as a relative light yield 2~3 times of BGO crystal, a low afterglow only 10-2 grade relative to CsI (Tl) crystal and a γ-ray radiation hardness of 107 rad. Our company provides the mass products of CWO wafers and array elements, which can meet the technical requirements for radiation detection devices.

 

 

Basic Properties of CWO Single Crystal

Crystal orientation

[100],  [010]

Crystal structure

Monoclinic system, Space group p2/c

Crystal lattice

a = 5.029 Å, b = 5.859 Å, c = 5.074 Å;

α = γ = 90 °,β = 91.47 º

Melting point

1276 ℃

Density

7.9 g/cm3

Thermal expansion coefficient

6.39×10-6 /K ([100]), 1.09×10-5 /K ([010])

Refractive index

2.3

Hardness

4.5 Mohs

Colour

Nearly colorless to pale yellowish brown

Deliquescence

None

Central wavelength of luminescence

470 nm

Relative light yield index

20-30 (NaI (Tl) crystal with a light yield index 100 is used as reference)

Absolute light yield

2760 ± 50 p.e/MeV

Energy resolution 

7.8-12%

Luminescence decay time

1.3 μs (36%, fast)11.5 μs (64%, slow)

Afterglow

≦0.04% @3 ms

γ-ray radiation hardness

107 rad

 

Figures:

Fig. 1  Ultroviolet-visible transmission spectra

 

        Fig.2  X-ray stimulated luminescence spectra

 

Fig. 3 Energy spectrum and light yield of CWO wafer under γ-ray excitation

 

              Fig. 4  Luminescence decay time of CWO wafer under UV excitation wafer under γ-ray excitation

Fig. 5  Afterglow of CWO crystal less than 0.04%@3ms under γ-ray excitation which only 10-2 grade relative to CsI(Tl) crystal

 

Fig.6  Relative light yield uniformity of crystal array elements

 

 

 

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