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YVO4

The Yttrium Orthovanadate (YVO4) is a positive uniaxial crystal grown with Czochralski method. It has good temperature stability and physical and mechanical properties. It is ideal for optical polarizing components because of its wide transparency range and large birefringence. It is an excellent synthetic substitute for Calcite (CaCO3) and Rutile (TiO2) crystals in many applications including fiber optic isolators and circulators, interleavers, beam displacers and other polarizing optics ( refer to Table 1).
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Table 1. Comparison of  basic properties between YVO4 and other Birefringent Crystals

 

YVO4

TiO2

CaCO3

LiNbO3

Thermal
Expansion（/℃）

c-axis

11.4×10-6

9.2×10-6

26.3×10-6

16.7×10-6

a-axis

4.4×10-6

7.1×10-6

5.4×10-6

7×10-6

Refractive
Index

no

  1.9447 @ 1550nm 

  2.454 @ 1530nm 

  1.6346 @ 1497nm 

  2.2151 @ 1440nm 

ne

2.1486 @ 1550nm

2.710 @ 1530nm

1.4774 @ 1497nm

2.1413 @ 1440nm

  Birefringence（ne-no） 

0.2039 @ 1550nm

0.256 @ 1530nm

-0.1572 @ 1497nm

-0.0738 @ 1440nm

Mohs Hardness

5

6.5

3

5

Deliquescence

None

None

Weak

None

Transparency range

0.4-5μm

0.4-5μm

0.35-2.3μm

0.4-5μm

 

A reliable supplier of YVO4 crystals：

  CASTECH is one of the earliest companies who have mastered the advanced growth technique of YVO4 crystal. Now CASTECH has completed its strong mass-production line that can provide：
       •   Various size of bulk and finished high quality YVO4 crystals up to φ35x50mm3 and φ20x20mm3, respectively；

       •   Large quantity YVO4 wedges and displacers used for fiber optical isolators and circulators, interleavers, in size of 1.25x1.25x0.5mm3 to 3x3x15mm3 to meet OEM customer’s requirement；

       •   Quick delivery； 
       •   Very competitive price；
       •   Strict quality control；
       •   Technical support.

 

Table 2. Basic Properties of YVO4 crystal

Transparency Range

High transmittance from 0.4 to 5μm

Crystal Symmetry

Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h

Crystal Cell

a=b=7.12Å，c=6.29Å

Density

4.22g/cm3

Mohs Hardness

5，glass-like

Hygroscopic Susceptibility

Non-hygroscopic

Thermal Expansion Coefficient

αa = 4.43×10-6/K；αc = 11.37 ×10-6/K

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient

//C: 5.23 W/m/K； ⊥C: 5.10 W/m/K

Crystal Class

Positive uniaxial with  no=na=nb, ne=nc

Thermal Optical Coefficient

dna/dT = 8.5×10-6/K；dnc/dT = 3.0×10-6/K

Refractive Indices, Birefringence
(Δn = ne- no)
and Walk-off Angle @ 45° (ρ)

no = 1.9929, ne = 2.2154, Δn = 0.2225, ρ= 6.04°   at 630nm
no = 1.9500, ne = 2.1554, Δn = 0.2054, ρ= 5.72°    at 1300nm      
no = 1.9447, ne = 2.1486, Δn = 0.2039, ρ= 5.69°    at 1550nm   

Sellmeier Equation（λ in μm）  

no2 = 3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ2 - 0.04724) - 0.0108133λ2
ne2 = 4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ2- 0.04813) - 0.0122676λ2

 

YVO4 crystal application：
YVO4 crystals are widely used in fiber-optic isolators, beam displacers and optical circulators, etc.

 

1. Specifications of birefringent wedges for fiber-optic isolators:

Aperture

1.0×1.0 mm2  to  4 × 4 mm2

Dimension tolerance

+/-0.05mm

Wedge Angle tolerance

+/-0.1°

Optical axis orientation      

+/-0.5°

Flatness

λ/4 @ 632.8 nm

Surface Quality

20/10

AR-coating

 R<0.2% @1550 or 1310nm

Standard Size

1.25mm × 1.25mm × 0.5mm  with 13° or 15°  wedge, phi=22.5°     

 

 

 

2. Specifications of YVO4 beam displacers for fiber-optic circulators or interleaver：

Dimension tolerance

W (±0.05mm)× H (±0.05mm) × L (±0.1mm)             

Optical axis orientation

+/-0.5°

Parallelism

＜15″

Perpendicularity

＜10′

Flatness

λ/4 @ 632.8 nm

Surface Quality

20/10

AR-coating

R<0.2% @ 1550 nm or 1310nm ± 40 nm

Standard Size

2.6×2.6×10mm3, θ=45°, Φ=0°

Note: Other sizes and specifications are available upon request

 

 

YVO4 Beam Displacer for Circulator

 

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